Laws and bylaws
Landlords need to comply with various legal obligations. Find out about the laws and bylaws that apply to renting a property.
The Residential Tenancies Act 1986
The Residential Tenancies Act 1986 requires landlords to provide and maintain rental properties in a reasonable state of repair. What’s considered ‘reasonable’ depends on the age and character of the property and how long it’s likely to remain habitable and available to be lived in.
The Act also requires landlords to provide properties in a reasonable state of cleanliness.
The Act does not directly regulate the standard of rental properties. However, it reinforces that landlords ‘comply with all requirements in respect of buildings, health, and safety under any enactment so far as they apply to the premises’.
In practice, this means landlords need to be broadly aware of health-related and safety-related requirements in the following laws:
- Building Act 2004 and the Building Code
- Health Act 1956
- Housing Improvement Regulations 1947
- Bylaws made under the Local Government Act 2002. These are set by individual councils.
- Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Regulations 2019
Residential Tenancies Act(external link)
Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2020
The Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2020 includes significant changes to tenancy law. The changes come into effect across 3 phases:
- first phase on 12 August 2020
- second phase on 11 February 2021
- third phase once the associated regulations take effect.
Our law changes webpage has all of the information.
Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2019
On 27 August 2019, the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2019 took effect. This legislation covers the following amendments:
- Tenant liability for careless destruction or damage in rental properties
- Unlawful residential premises
- Contamination of premises (methamphetamine)
For more information on the Residential Tenancies Amendment Act 2019, download our brochure. [PDF, 527 KB]
Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Regulations 2019
The Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Regulations 2019 introduce specific and minimum standards for heating, insulation, ventilation, moisture ingress and drainage, and draught stopping in rental properties. These standards will make it easier for renters to keep their homes warm and dry, and themselves healthier.
Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Amendment Regulations 2022
The Residential Tenancies (Healthy Homes Standards) Amendment Regulations 2022 came into force on 12 May 2022. These regulations cover changes to the heating, ventilation and moisture ingress and drainage standards.
About the healthy homes standards
Changes to the healthy homes standards
Housing Improvement Regulations 1947
The Housing Improvement Regulations 1947(external link) set minimum requirements for housing. Local authorities are responsible for enforcing this.
A property must meet all these requirements unless it complied with equivalent Building Code requirements when it was built.
Housing Improvement Regulations 1947(external link)
The regulations include provisions for:
Room size, function and safety
Each property must have:
- A room that can be used as a kitchen or kitchenette with a sink and tap connected to useable water, and has adequate means of preparing and cooking food both by boiling and by baking. In most accommodation arrangements, this will require a working oven that bakes and stovetop elements (or similar) to be considered adequate.
- A bathroom with a shower or bath and running hot water
- A toilet (inside or outside the property) for the exclusive use of those that live in the property
- Provision for the washing of clothes (if the house is intended for the use of 2 people or more)
Minimum sizes for rooms depend on how the property is set out.
Check the Building Act and Code for wider requirements on properties built after 1978.
Light, ventilation, drainage and dampness
Bathrooms and toilet rooms must have a window or other adequate means of ventilation.
Every habitable room must have windows or other way of letting in light and ventilation
There must be enough space and ventilation underneath any timber floors to prevent dampness and decay.
There must be drainage to remove storm water, surface water and ground water. Every house must have gutters, downpipes and drains to remove roof water.
Overcrowding
Landlords must ensure that the house does not become overcrowded by making sure:
- there are enough facilities for the number of people living in the house (eg, bathrooms and toilets)
- bedrooms are at least six square metres. If there is more than one person sleeping in the room it will need to be bigger
- they don’t exceed the number of people (excluding those under one year of age) that can occupy bedrooms.
Landlords shouldn’t advertise a property as having a certain number of bedrooms if the rooms don’t meet the regulations.
For further information about overcrowding contact your local council.
Sewerage and sanitation
Every toilet and sink must connect to an adequate sewerage system or other means of disposal. If a landlord provides a wastage system, the landlord must maintain it (eg, empty the septic tank).
The Building Act 2004
The Building Act governs the construction of new buildings. It also covers the alteration and demolition of existing buildings.
The purpose of the Act is to make sure:
- buildings are safe and healthy
- people can escape if there’s a fire
- buildings promote sustainable development.
About the Building Act 2004 (Building Performance website)(external link)
The Building Act also promotes compliance with the Building Code.
The Building Code
The Building Code sets out performance standards for work on all types of buildings. It covers things like:
- structural stability
- fire safety
- access
- moisture control
- durability
- services and facilities.
The Code describes how a building must perform, not how it must be designed and constructed. Local authorities are normally responsible for making sure buildings comply with the Code.
Building code compliance (Building Performance website)(external link)
Responsibility for dangerous and unsanitary buildings
Local councils must have policies on dangerous and unsanitary buildings. These policies allow the council to take action against these building owners. It doesn’t matter when they were built.
Dangerous buildings are likely to cause injury, death, or damage to other properties.
An unsanitary building:
- is offensive or likely to be harmful to health
- doesn’t have enough protection against moisture
- doesn’t have an adequate supply of drinkable water, or
- doesn’t have adequate sanitary facilities (a toilet or shower).
Tenants can apply to the Tenancy Tribunal if a landlord isn’t providing a safe and healthy home.
On 27 August 2019, new legislation took effect which protects tenants living in unlawful residential premises.
Residential Tenancies Amendment Bill (No 2)
More information on landlords health and safety obligations (Worksafe)(external link)
